CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Of note, combination therapy with CD39 knockout enhanced the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody on NSCLC PDOs, as illustrated by the robustly increased Teff differentiation and inhibited Treg differentiation (Fig. 6E, S10G), elevated CD8+ T cells with more potent cytokine productions (Fig. 6F, G, S10H, I), as well as reduced growth sizes of PDOs (Fig. 6H).