POU5F1 and breast cancer: However, recent studies have found that POU5F1 can also be detected in some tissue tumors that are not closely related to primitive cell proliferation, such as bladder cancer [20], lung cancer [21], breast cancer [22], cervical cancer [23], etc. Through analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), it was determined that POU5F1 exhibits high expression levels in various tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and gastric cancer, thereby contributing to unfavorable prognosis (Supplementary Fig. S1).