Transcript levels of markers for parietal cells (Gif, Kcne2, Hrh2, and Atp4a; shown in Fig. 4A) and chief cells (Pgc and Bhlha15; shown in Fig. 4B, and Gif) were decreased in animals with atrophic gastritis compared with infected animals with non-atrophic gastritis or uninfected animals. Here, BHLHA15 is linked to chronic atrophic gastritis.