RAF1 and cancer: Furthermore, the analysis of transcription factor (TF) binding sites revealed that the top TFs associated with the upregulated DEGs were FOXO4, a TF with a complex role in cancer that may contribute to cancer progression [27]; MAZ, which has been implicated in promoting pancreatic cancer cell invasion via CRAF–ERK signaling [28]; and an unidentified TF with the binding motif “AACTTT”.