These in vivo results, observed consistently in both SCC-1cisR and SCC-23cisR cells (Fig. 2D-I, Supplementary Fig. 4E-F), further corroborate our in vitro observations and emphasize the critical role of ACTN1 in HNSCC malignancy and cisplatin resistance. The gene discussed is ACTN1; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.