Furthermore, the basal phosphorylation profiles of ERK1/2 and NF-κB proteins in S and R cells were measured and compared (Fig. 1d), as the MAPK/ERK pathway plays a crucial role in the survival and development of tumor cells [41, 42], whereas the NF-κB pathway has also been linked to cancer survival [43]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.