For female heads, KEGG enrichment demonstrated that the most affected pathway was linked to the interferon (IFNα/β) response within the herpes simplex infection pathway (p < 0.05), whereas treated male adult heads showed a closer association with the Toll and Imd signaling pathways (p < 0.05) (Fig. 4B). Here, IFNA1 is linked to herpes simplex infectious disease.