The TNF-α targets downregulated by Ent include LIF (Fig. 4a–c, Supplementary Fig. 5d), a pro-tumorigenic cytokine that triggers tumor STAT3 pathway and contributes to PDAC progression and therapeutic resistance9,44, indicating the potential of HDACi to reduce the pro-tumorigenicity of CAF secretome. This evidence concerns the gene LIF and neoplasm.