IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: Host ncRNAs play a crucial function in regulating the innate and adaptive immune response.98–100 Although miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA have distinct mechanisms of action, their roles in the host immune response to viral infection can be summarized as follows: (1) modulation of the IFN signaling pathway and inflammatory factors; (2) regulation of immune cell development and function, such as B- and T cells.