For instance, neoadjuvant atezolizumab alone achieved an MPR rate of 33% in patients with ≥ 50% PD-L1 expression, comparable with the 37% MPR rate achieved by immunochemotherapy.14,22 However, other studies of neoadjuvant mono-immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy have reported comparable responses in resectable NSCLC patients regardless of their PD-L1 expression.12,14,23,24 Therefore, the ability of PD-L1 expression in identifying patients that would potentially benefit most from immunochemotherapy or monotherapy remains unclear. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.