In addition, hepatic FXR up-regulates the transporters of choline and cholesterol like ABCG5/8 and MDP3/4128,129 and inhibits the expression of NF-κB and protein kinase C, which regulates the inflammation formation.130 FXR also increases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and regulates BAs detoxification by encoding CYPs, sulfotransferases (SULTs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).131 All in all, FXR inhibits cholestasis and inflammation, and therefore suppresses the development of liver diseases. Here, NR1H4 is linked to cholestasis.