Aberrant NRF1 has been linked to tumorigenesis, as some key oncogenes are regulated by NRF1, including genes related to glioblastoma (43), breast tumorigenesis (44,45), bladder cancer (46), prostate cancer (47), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (48) and EBV-associated gastric cancer (49). This evidence concerns the gene NRF1 and glioblastoma.