As shown in Fig 3A, HSV-1 infection led to a robust induction of the luciferase activity driven by PADI3 promoter (~6 fold) and upregulated viral ICP27 expression at 24 hpi (Fig 3B), indicating once more than early stages of infection are critical for the transcriptional activation of PADI3 gene. The gene discussed is PADI3; the disease is infection.