In a BLM (BLM)-based mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Astragalus polysaccharides were found to attenuate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and to balance the gut microbiota by regulating metabolic pathways [57]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.