Further Vav proteins are involved in cellular processes that are known to be part of the host response to DENV-infection, such as TLR4 signaling which is stimulated by DENV NS1 protein (18, –, 20), and JNK and STAT3 that are activated during DENV infection and can mediate DENV induction of cytokines and chemokines (21). Here, STAT3 is linked to infection.