VAV1 and infection: ARPE-19 cells are derived from the retinal pigmented epithelium, and were chosen to assess the links between Vav and DENV-responses further, not as a model of macrophages, but as a reproducible cell line that are highly susceptible to DENV-infection with the majority of cells in the population infected, have a normal role in inflammatory responses in the eye and reflect a cell type that has relevance to DENV disease (42, 43, 44).