Translationally, this suggests that therapeutics targeting at increasing or replacing CC16 could provide benefit to individuals that have decreased pulmonary SPLUNC1 levels, such as cystic fibrosis patients (47–49), asthmatics (44, 50–52), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (19, 53, 54), as these individuals may have decreased clearance of Mp infections leading to increased pathogen burden and decreased lung function. The gene discussed is BPIFA1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.