For instance, insulin sensitizers may lead to heart failure (Arnold et al., 2019) and weight gain (Dutta et al., 2023), insulin secretagogues may cause excessive insulin secretion and damage to pancreatic beta cells (Rustenbeck et al., 2004), and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may result in diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort (Taylor et al., 2019). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is heart failure.