INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, the T2DM rats showed significant increases in FBG, PG2h, OGTT-AUC, GSP, and HOMA-IR; significant decreases in INS and C-P levels; significant increases in TC, TG, and LDL-C levels increased significantly; significant decreases in HDL-C levels; and significant increases in IL-1β and TNF-α levels.