The study shows proof of concept that DMD could be tackled by the N-163 beta glucan from three aspects: decrease in inflammation shown by decreased IL-6 and TNF-α, decrease in fibrosis evident by decreased TGF-β and IL-13 and, more importantly, restoration of dystrophin evident from a 32.8% increase in dystrophin levels. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.