ACE and congestive heart failure: ACE polymorphism positive CKCS had reduced odds for CHF compared to negative wildtype CKCS (heterozygous odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.19;0.85, P = 0.018; homozygous OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17;0.92, P = 0.032) while PDE5A polymorphism positive CKCS had increased odds for CHF compared to negative wildtype CKCS (heterozygous OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.07;8.30, P = 0.040; homozygous OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.09;8.40, P = 0.037).