Asides, AuNPS were fabricated as biosensors by Ensafi et al. by modification of a gold electrode with AuNPS coated with ZAP70 oligonucleotide probe to detect specific sequence of ZAP70 gene, which is a predictor of the IgVH mutation status and serve as prognostic indicator for distinguishing Ig-mutated from Ig-unmutated CLL. Here, ZAP70 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.