No significant associations were found between outcome and comorbidities, including pregnancy, CVD, HBB, HBc, HIV, gastritis, thalassemia, G6PD, anemia, DM, HTN, dyslipidemia, lung disease, cancer, autoimmunity, kidney disease, and rheumatism (Table 2 and see Table S1 in the Additional file). The gene discussed is HBB; the disease is lung disorder.