CD19 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Studies have shown that while the median overall survival after CAR-T therapy is on the order of 12 to 20 months, upwards of 60% of patients will experience disease recurrence5,8–13 Furthermore, up to 20% of patients with B-ALL never achieve remission and applications of CAR-T cells to other CD19+ B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), have significantly lower CR rates5,8,11,14.