We found that ERFE expression is significantly higher in skeletal muscle biopsies from pre-cachectic (body-weight loss in 6 months, or <2% in patients with low muscle mass, or a body mass index [BMI] of <20) and cachectic (body-weight loss in 6 months, or >2% in patients with low muscle mass, or a BMI of <20) patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer, than in cancer-free controls (Figures 1F, S1C, and S1D). This evidence concerns the gene ERFE and pancreatic neoplasm.