Normalized counts of top candidate genes related to proliferation revealed upregulation of a number of genes when hPDOs were cultured in Matrigel, such as ANXA6, elevated levels of which have been described in PDA (25); AQP5, implicated in PDA cell proliferation and biophysical properties of cell membranes (26); and PIK3AP1, a protein capable of activating AKT phosphorylation in gastric cancer (27) (Supplemental Figure 11B). Here, PIK3AP1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.