NLRP3 and Cognitive impairment: In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinases mediates the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3, whereas NF-κB upregulates NLRP3 inflammasome, and ROS can also dissociate thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) from thioredoxin and allow it to bind to NLRP3, leading to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.[18,29] It has been shown that inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway by JQ1 attenuates cognitive deficits induced by anesthesia (especially prolonged anesthesia).[30]