At the same time, endoplasmic reticulum stress activates the TXNIP signaling pathway and promotes apoptosis.[17] In neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal aggregation of Aβ, synaptic nuclear protein, or superoxide dismutase 1 activates microglia and induces increased IL-1β release, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.[57]. The gene discussed is TXNIP; the disease is Cognitive impairment.