However, higher ITLN-1 expression was found to be associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study.[31] In addition, ITLN-1 expression was elevated in prostate cancer and decreased in kidney and breast cancer.[32–34] These controversial findings may reflect different roles of ITLN-1 in the development of different cancer types. This evidence concerns the gene ITLN1 and Familial prostate cancer.