RAF1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The effect of SAN on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was verified and revealed that SAN can inhibit the expression level of the key proteins in the signaling pathway, including p-c-Raf, p-MEK, and ERK1/2, which was consistent with previous studies,[37] indicating that SAN can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of NPC cells via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.