JAK1 and chronic kidney disease: Similarly, aged mice treated with a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor reduced the levels of cytokine expression compared with control animals.69 Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling is altered in human CKD and animal models of CKD.70 Enhanced expression and augmented activity of JAKs and STAT3 promoted DN and their inhibition reduced disease.71