GCG and diabetes mellitus: However, these studies have focused on a handful of cytokines and hormones, such as adiponectin [8, 13], adipsin [9], PAI-1 [10], IL-6 [11, 12, 14, 15], IL-10 [12, 14], and IL-1RA [12, 14], while analyses on other potentially diabetes-related cytokines and hormones such as visfatin, GIP, GLP-1, and ghrelin are scarce.