The RA group exhibited significantly decreased mRNA levels of the aforementioned genes in comparison with the NASH group, with the mRNA levels of PFKFB3, PKM2, and PFKL distinctly increased by 452%, 15%, and 188%, respectively, in the NASH group after the mice were fed a HFD (Fig. 9A). Here, PFKL is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.