On the other hand, the upregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), which is a cancer stem cell marker associated with clinical outcomes in breast cancer, including self-renewal, differentiation, and self-protection, was found to be correlated with higher rates of pCR and improved estimates of OS and DFS in the current study. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to breast cancer.