HGS and infection: Overexpression of CPA4 in HLCZ01 cells via a lentiviral infection system was found to inhibit HGS-ETR1/2-induced GSDME cleavage (Fig. 6j, k), and the number of pyroptotic cells decreased (Fig. 6m), LDH release (Fig. 6n) and the number of PI-positive cells decreased (Fig. 6l).