APOA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: HDL metabolites and ApoA1 correlated negatively with both dsDNA and ESR and positively with both lymphocyte count and C3 levels (Fig. 2A and B), whereas GlycA correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, a non-specific measure of inflammation) and C3 (Fig. 2A and C), suggesting that ApoA1 (HDL) is more significantly associated with SLE-specific biomarkers than GlycA.