The concentrations of T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines [such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12(p40), IL-18, and IFN-γ], representative Th2-type cytokines (such as IL-10), and Th17-type cytokines (such as IL-17A) were all implicated in TBM. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and meningeal tuberculosis.