VCAM1 and cardiovascular disorder: P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and PECAM-1 were demonstrated to be involved in the formation of atherosclerosis plaque.11 Beyond the other cell adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 plays as an important factor in neointima proliferation following nicotine-induced arterial injury, an area of research important for atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases.12 In the nicotine-induced arterial injury model, VCAM-1 expression is highly induced in the proliferation and migration of neointimal smooth muscle cells.13