PSEN1 and Alzheimer disease: Previous studies have shown that Aβ deposition begins to occur in APP/PS1 mice at 3–4 months of age, and significant plaque production is observed around 6 months of age (Shi et al., 2017); the same phenomenon was found in the present study, with mice in the AD group showing varying degrees and sizes of Aβ plaques compared to wild controls, but the number and size of plaques in the EX/GCA/EX+GCA group were smaller than in the AD group due to treatment.