CCL23 and infection: CCL23, also known as myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF1) or macrophage inflammatory protein 3, is a crucial chemokine that has been reported to be involved in the progression of the inflammatory response by recruiting immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes, and directly improving their migration to the sites of injury or infection (13, 14).