In contrast, the proportion of Tim-3+/PD-1+ CD8+ T cells in tumor bearing livers at both days 22 and 29 was significantly increased (≥ 50% of the total CD8+ T cell population) compared to the control non-tumor bearing mice, suggesting that presence of tumor induced a profound state of CD8+ T cell dysfunction/exhaustion (Fig. 1E). This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR2 and neoplasm.