In contrast, treatment of HCC-bearing mice with ICI (days 21–34) and VSV-IFNß early (days 21–25) - under which conditions the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-L1 ICI therapy were abolished by addition of virus (Supplemental Fig. 1) – induced a predominant population of putative viral specific CD8+ T cells (Clusters 18, 19, 20, 22, Fig. 3A; ‘Anti-viral CD8 T Cells,’ Fig. 3B&F) which proportionately downregulated most of all the other CD8+ T cell populations, including the putative anti-HCCTAA CD8+ T cells (cluster 17, Fig. 3A; ‘Exhausted CD8 T Cells,’ Fig. 3B&F). Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.