However, consistent with the effective replacement of anti-tumor T cells with anti-viral T cells seen in Fig. 3, the addition of either early (Fig. 3) or late (Figs. 4C–D) VSV (VSV-GFP or VSV-IFNß) to HCC-OVA tumor-bearing mice ablated almost entirely the anti-HCCTAA(OVA) T cell response in the liver, whether or not anti-PD-LI ICI was also administered (Figs. 4C–D). Here, IFNA1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.