Furthermore, the expression of CARNS and TAUT wasdecreased in the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Collectively, these results show that metabolic pathways involved in the removal of lipid peroxidation products and synthesis of histidyl dipeptides are diminished in atrophic skeletal muscle during heart failure, which could contribute to muscle atrophy. The gene discussed is SLC6A6; the disease is heart failure.