Some areas have started to be explored: for example, expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 in the TME of tonsillar cancer is not correlated to better overall survival (OS) when evaluated in whole tissue specimens, but is associated with immune infiltration and better response to standard treatment as well as immunotherapy when expressed on macrophages and CD8+ T-cells infiltrating cancer-cell islets (10, 11). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.