SPP1 and cancer: Besides, we quantified fully polarized THP-1-derived M2-type macrophages using flow cytometry based on CD68 and CD163, and validated the expression of SELENOP, SLC40A1, CCL13 and SPP1. It is particularly noteworthy that cell-based cancer immunotherapies hinge on the capacity of natural or engineered receptors present on immune cells to interact with specific antigens on cancer cells, resulting in the induction of tumor cell destruction.