CASP3 and lung carcinoma: Lathyrol (30, 60 and 120 μg/mL) induced ERS and activated its mediated PERK-elF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway by downregulating Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity in lung cancer A549 and H460 cells, increasing Ca2+ levels and GRP78 protein expression levels in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and inducing apoptosis by upregulating Bax, caspase-3 and Cyt C expression and downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein level; tumors were markedly inhibited by treatment with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg lathyrol in a subcutaneous tumor model established in BALB/c nude mice with H460 cells (Chen et al., 2023).