In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines and xenograft mouse models, isochaihulactone (K8) directly induced DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) activation and increased nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 expression, which was not dependent on GRP78 and PERK expression, and activated the caspase signaling pathway to upregulate caspase 3 expression, thereby disrupting endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in GBM cell lines and inducing G2/M period cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (Tsai S. F. et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene DDIT3 and glioblastoma.