Nanoparticles (TTF1-nps) of TTF1 (5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone) upregulated the expression of GRP78 in liver cancer lines (HepG2, Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5), activated three main pathways involved in ERS, namely, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6, and upregulated the expression of CHOP and caspase4, thereby inducing apoptosis, and TTF1-nps at 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg doses treated with nude mouse HepG2 xenograft models for 16, 18 and 20 days, respectively, were also shown to suppress the proliferation of tumor cells (Xiao et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene ATF6 and neoplasm.