XBP1 and neoplasm: In the Lewis lung cancer model in C57BL/6 mice, flavonoid components in Astragali Radix showed significant inhibition of tumor growth in both the low (5 g/kg/d) and high (10 g/kg/d) dose groups, while the high dose group lowered the expression of XBP1, IRE1 and GRP78 and enhanced the expression of CHOP, which subsequently promoted the ERS apoptotic pathway and mediated the apoptosis of tumor cells (Yang et al., 2019).