Guangsangon E at a concentration of 20 μM enhanced the expression of GRP78, IRE1α and ATF4 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CNE1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, activated the ERS pathway, along with boosted the level of cleaved caspase-3 and autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5), thereby inducing apoptosis, and similar results were obtained in vivo using female BALB/c nude mice as a model (Shu et al., 2021). Here, ATF4 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.