PMAIP1 and cervical carcinoma: In addition, 45 μM 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 elevated caspase 3 activity and phosphatidylserine (PS) ectopia to inhibit cervical cancer HeLa cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 enhanced ATF4, DDIT3, JUN, FOS, Bcl- 2-binding component 3 (BBC3) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1) gene expression and significantly suppressed the heterodimer of transcript DDIT3 for induction of ERS-related apoptosis in HeLa cells (Liu et al., 2022).