ERN1 and neoplasm: Evodiamine upregulated GRP78 protein expression in NSCLC LLC and A549 cell lines and LLC tumor-bearing mouse models, activated ERS pathway-mediated autophosphorylation of IRE1, which then bound to TRAF2 and attracted ASK1 to constitute the IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1 compound, activated the JNK pathway, upregulated caspase-12/9/3 and Bax expression and downregulated Bcl-2 levels to induce associated apoptosis (Li Y. et al., 2022).