DDIT3 and liver cancer: Cytisine at a concentration of 10 mmol/L significantly increased the Ca2+ concentration in liver cancer HepG2 cells, disrupted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis and caused ERS, upregulated CHOP/GADD153, JNK and caspase-4, and finally activated the corresponding pathway to trigger apoptosis (Yu et al., 2018).