Increased abundance of Candida albicans has also been observed in IBD16,17 with normalization after infliximab (IFX) treatment to levels observed in HCs.16 The mycobiome has also been correlated to the bacteriome, more so in UC than CD, and also to single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IBD (e.g. Card9).17 Viruses are more prevalent in the microbiome than bacteria yet even fewer studies have investigated the IBD virome. This evidence concerns the gene CARD9 and inflammatory bowel disease.