The model describes insulin resistance development on three different biological levels: whole-body composition (Figs. 2a, 3b, c, 4a, and 5c), plasma glucose and insulin (Figs. 2b, 3d, 4b, and 5d), and intracellular adipocyte insulin signaling (Figs. 2c, 3g, 4d, e and 5e). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.