The degree of the sTILs antitumor immune response against cancer cells acts synergistically with natural immunity induced by chemotherapy to restore the cytotoxic response19,45 Moreover, chemotherapy can promote an antitumor immune response through the induction of danger associated molecular patterns (DAMP) signals during cell death, in addition to other molecules like the calreticulin (CALR) and the high mobility group release box 1 (HMGB1), which can increase levels of TILs in the TME as in the residual disease after treatment30,46,47. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and cancer.