Relative to the transcript contents of 43 calcium channel molecules in paired tissue samples, few genes were elevated in HCC tissues (Fig. 2H): RYR2, RYR3, TPCN1, TPCN2, CACNB4, CATSPERB, CATSPERD, CATSPERE, CATSPERG, CATSPERZ, CATSPER1, CATSPER2, CATSPER3, ITPR1, CACNG1, CACNG2, CACNG4, CACNG8, CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1I, CACNA1S, CACNA2D3, CACNB1 and CACNB3. Among the 363 HCC samples, 168 had mutated calcium channel molecules with a frequency of 46.28%, with RYR2 having the most mutational frequency, primarily missense mutation. Here, CACNG4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.