NPPB and metabolic syndrome: The group of participants with PRISm had significantly higher BMI and higher proportions of participants with BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2, hypertension, antihypertensive agents, dyslipidemia, lipid-modifying agents, diabetes mellitus, kidney dysfunction, history of stroke, and serum NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL than those with normal spirometry.