IFNA1 and breast cancer: Consistent with other cell types, the IFN scores calculated based on the average expression of ISGs (n = 137) in each single cell showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase at time point B across all BC SCs compared to baseline, indicating induction post-vaccination (Fig. 5g) that returned to baseline at time point C. Of note, BISGhi SC showed higher ISG expression levels at all three time points, indicating tonic or constitutive activation of the IFN pathway.