To assess the functional role of IL-9 in the induction of PCM, we treated mice with an anti-IL-9 antibody and observed that these animals had increased weight loss (Supplementary Fig. 3a) and a significant time-dependent increase in white blood cell and granulocyte counts in the peripheral blood when compared to mice that received an isotype control antibody (Supplementary Fig. 3b, c). The gene discussed is IL9; the disease is paracoccidioidomycosis.